Nerium oleander (N. oleander) is a well-known poisonous shrub that is frequently grown in gardens and public areas and contains numerous toxic compounds. The major toxic components are the cardiac glycosides oleandrin and neriin. The aim of our study was to evaluate the toxic effects of an ethanolic N. oleander leaf extract on haematological, cardiac, inflammatory, and serum biochemical parameters, as well as histopathological changes in the heart. nerium oleander extract was orally administered for 14 and 30 consecutive days at doses of 100 and 200 mg of dried extract/kg of body weight in 0.5 mL of saline. The results showed significant increases in mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha, C reactive protein, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and creatine kinase MB, especially at high doses. Marked pathological changes were perceived in the heart tissue. Thus, it can be concluded that exposure to nerium oleander leaf extract adversely affects the heart and liver.
Nerium oleander extract has been widely studied for medicinal purposes for variety of maladies. N. oleander has also been reported having noxious effects because of its number of components that may show signs of toxicity by inhibiting plasma lemma Na+, K+-ATPase. The present study was performed to scrutinize the toxic effect of N. oleander leaves extract and its clinical and pathological features in wistar rats.
Product Name: | Nerium oleander extract | Apperance: | Brown fine powder |
Test Method | TLC | Application | Health Proctect |
Specification | 10:1,20:1 | Place of Origin: | China (Mainland) |
Packing: | Bag and Drum | Shelf life | 2 years |
ANALYSIS | SPECIFICATION | RESULTS |
Appearance | Brown fine powder | Complies |
Odor | Characteristic | Complies |
Assay (TLC) | ≥50.0% | 51.45% |
Sieve analysis | 100% pass 80 mesh | Complies |
Loss on Drying | ≤5.0% | 3.15% |
Ash | ≤5.0% | 2.15% |
Heavy Metal | ||
Pb | <2ppm | Complies |
As | <2ppm | Complies |
Hg | <2ppm | Complies |
Residual Solvent | Eur.Pharm | Complies |
Microbiology | ||
Total Plate Count | <1000cfu/g | Complies |
Yeast & Moulds | <100cfu/g | Complies |
E.Coli | Negative | Complies |
Salmonella | Negative | Complies |
Salmonella | Negative | Complies |
The oleander plant contains a number of related cardiac glycosides similar in activity to digitalis. The main glycosides are oleandrin and neriine.Ayaz 2015, Radford 1986 Additional main active ingredients include polysaccharides, cardenolides, and triterpenes.Kars 2013 Four cardenolides (neridiginoside, neitaloside, nerizoside, and odoroside-H) exhibit CNS-depressant activity.Khordadmehr 2018 In addition, a variety of other pharmacologically active compounds, including folinerin, rosagenin, rutin, and oleandomycin, have been identified.
1. Nerium oleander extract can nourish kidney yang, replenish vital essence and blood, moisten the bowelsto relieve constipation.
2. It also can enhance the immune system and promote body's immunity.
3. It can moisturize the intestine and relax the bowels.
4. It clears up the free radical and has functions; meanwhile it can prevent arteriosclerosis.
5. It can relax the bowels and promote digestion.
6. It has mutual function to glucocorticoid to adjust it to the needs of body.
7. It also prevent gastric ulcer, inhibit gathering of blood platelet and is effective to AIDS
(1). Nerium oleander extract is applied in the food field, it has become a new raw material which used in food and beverage industry;
(2). It is applied in the health product field;
(3). It is applied in the pharmaceutical field.
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