What is Sophora Flavescens Extract?

Sophora Flavescens Extract, the shrubby sophora,is a species of plant in the genus Sophora of the family Fabaceae. This genus contains about 52 species, nineteen varieties, and seven forms that are widely distributed in Asia, Oceania, and the Pacific islands.

About fifteen of these species have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicines.Sophora Flavescens (Ku Shen) is a medicinal herb from China that appears to possess mostly properties. It may also inhibit the 5-Alpha Reductase enzyme and PDE5 potently, promoting hair growth and erectogenesis.

It is extracted from the plant “Sophora Flavescens Ait”, which medicinally mainly refers to the dried root of Sophora Flavescens Ait. Which is a plant in the family Leguminosae? And it has a few other names, including Sophora Flavescens Extract, light yellow sophora root, Flavescent Sophora Root, Root of Light Yellow Sophora, Sophora Flavescens Root, and more. It is produced all over China and harvested during spring and autumn.

Basic Information:

Sophora Flavescens Extract Benefits:

1. Combats Cancer

Sophora Flavescens Extract is a powerful multipurpose therapeutic agent that is strong alone at fighting cancer and can synergize with other chemo-therapies. R R

For example, the main chemical from Kushen have been approved by Chinese FDA (CFDA) in 1995 as an drug to treat non-small cell lung cancer and liver cancer in combination with other drugs.

2. Reduces Pain 

Ku shen can reduce pain symptoms associated with cancer, such as leukopenia and nausea. Ku shen can help reduce neuropathic pain (via NMDA).

3.Improves Skin And Wound Healing

Sophora Flavescens Extract can help with wound healing by increasing mRNA levels of growth factors such as IGF-1 and KGF in skin. Ku shen also helps with wound healing by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as PGE2 and IL-8. Ku shen may also help with dermatitis.

4. Protects The Vascular System 

Ku shen is a potent and selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5  (PDE5) , PDE4, and PDE3, thus making it useful for erectile dysfunction and overall vascular inflammation. For example, ku shen can combat atherosclerosis, a disease characterized by chronic vascular inflammation. 

5. Combats Diabetes

Ku shen may be beneficial for metabolic diseases as it can activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and alpha (PPAR-gamma and PPAR alpha, respectively). For example, it can help with diabetes by reducing sodium-glucose linked transporter (SGLT) activity, thus helping remove excess glucose (hyperglycemia) through the kidneys. 

Ku shen can also act as inhibitors of a-glucosidase and b amylase, thus helping with glucose levels after eating starchy foods. 

6. Has Properties

Ku shen has against: Ku shen also has properties to combat Flavi viruses (including Zika, Dengue and Hepatitis C virus). 

7. Enhances Liver Function

Polysaccharides in Sophora Flavescens Extract can protect the liver from HBV and liver cancer. Ku shen helps with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) by acting on ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein (UQCRB) 

Ku shen can also prevent liver failure (via TLR4/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β suppression). By inhibitiing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Y‑box binding protein 1 (YB‑1) in the liver, ku shen can prevent fibrosis of the liver. 

8. Potentiates GABA

Ku shen acts on gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and may be a therapeutic alternative to benzodiazepines. 

9. Improves Spinal Cord Injury

Ku shen may help with motor function and axon repair after spinal cord injuries (SCI). For example in animals, consecutive oral administrations of ku shen extract to SCI mice for 31 days increased the density of 5-HT-positive axons at the lesion site and improved the motor function. R

10. Reduces Allergies And Histamine

Maackiain in kushen has compounds that inhibit upregulation of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) and interleukin (IL)-4 gene expression (inhibits inhibition of PKCδ activation). 

Maackiain can also suppress H1R by heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Ku shen is also able to inhibit histamine release (via FAT10-NF-κB signaling) from mast cells. 

11. May Help An Overactive Bladder

Sophora Flavescens Extract can help with an overactive bladder (relaxes acetylcholine-induced contraction and decreases the micturition frequency by potentiating BKCa channels). R

12. Ameliorates Neuroinflammaiton

Ku shen can combat neuroinflammation from lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by inhibiting microglial activation (via HSP60-TLR4 signaling). Ku shen can also fight neuroinflammation by inhibiting inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) signaling. 

13. May Help Bone Disease

Ku shen can be benefical for certain bone diseases. For example, ku shen can prevent post-menopause osteoporosis (PMOP) after an ovariectomy by acting on ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5). Also, ku shen can prevent implant loosening through inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption. 

14. Combats Arthritis

Ku shen can combat collagen induced-arthritis (CIA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One ways it does this is by inhibiting of inflammation and regulating of Treg/Th17. Another way is by reducing the levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β), but increasing Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-10) through attenuating the NF-κB signaling in T cells. 

15. Improves Sleep

Ku shen is able to promote sleep by increasing serotonin (5-HT) levels in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), a sleep promoting region. Ku shen is also able to normalize caffeine-induced hyperactivity and promoting a shift toward non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. 

16. Protects Against Hippocampal Hypoxia

Ku shen can protect the hippocampus from hypoxia (loss of oxygen and glucose) via downregulation of MAPK and regulating lactate (LDH) levels. 

17. Reduces Oxidative Stress

By activating the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and other downstream targets (such as NQO1 and HO-1), ku shen can protect the body against advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). 

18. Buffers Arsenic Poisoning

Ku shen may help with arsenic poisoning. For example, ku shen is able to reduce the retention of arsenic in the liver by improving the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. 

19. Protects Against Endotoxemia

Ku shen can suppress endotoxemia-induced inflammation. For example, Ku shen has shown to prevent endotoxemia (sepsis) in the heart and lungs. 

20. Improves Psoriasis

Ku shen may be beneifical for psoriasis as it can suppress the expression of Pan-Cytokeratin, p63 and keratin 10, thus having having anti-proliferation effect skin cells. 

21. Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis

In the gut, ku shen is able to ameliorate Ulcerative Colitis (UC) by preventing inflammation in the gut. 

22. Fights Asthma

Ku shen is powerful at suppressing lung inflammation. For example, Ku shen can suppress asthmatic reactions (Tnf-a driven). Ku shen can also protect against mycobacterial-induced lung growths and inflammation. By regulating fibroblast proliferation and collagen production, ku shen has shown to reduce antibiotic-induced scarring in the lungs. 

23. Combats Alopecia

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a hair loss disorder that commonly affects middle-aged men. Ku shen (L-maackiain and medicarpin specifically) can promote the growth of human hair cells and may be effective for treating AGA. 

24. May Protect Against EMFs

Ku shen may be able to offer radioprotection from Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. 

25. May Improve Depression

Ku shen (maackiain) can Monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and MAO-B, making ku shen a possible candidate for depression. 

26. Reduces Excitotoxicity

Ku shen is neuroprotective and can protect neurons against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. For example, by inhibiting PDE10A, ku shen can protect against the central nervous system from glutamate‑induced oxidative stress. 

27. Improves Kidney Function

Ku shen can protect the kidneys during chemotherapy by enhancing kidney function and modulating TH17/Treg levels. Ku shen can also protect the kidneys from oxidative stress by hyperglycemia making it beneficial for diabetic nephropathy (DN). 

28. May Help Treat Alzheimer's Disease

Ku shen may help treat Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as it can improve cognitive deficits in mice by inhibiting Amyloid-Beta (AB) plaque aggregation (suppresses the Aβ/RAGE signaling pathway). 

29. May Help Treat Parkinson's Disease

Ku shen may be useful for treating Parkinson's Disease (PD) as it can improve mitochondrial function (by Parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1 expression levels). 

Sophora Flavescens Extract Application:

(1). Applied in agriculture field, matrine is a natural plant pesticides and insecticides, insect pests that once touched the drug will suffocate;

(2). Applied in pharmaceutical field, matrine injection on the treatment of chronic persistent hepatitis have a good effect;

(3). Applied in cosmetic field, it has good effect of anti-acne.

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